Dracula The Horror
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Dracula The Horror
You can find Dracula in Transylvania
The character Dracula is very well known especially from the book ''Dracula'' written by Bram Stocker in 1897. He was inspired by Prince Vlad III Dracula, also known as Vlad Tepes, meaning "Vlad the Impaler", personified as Dracula. The Turks called him Kaziglu Bey, or "the Impaler Prince." He was the prince of Walachia (buthe was born in Transylvania, which at that time belonged to the Hungarian Kingdome).
Walachia was founded in 1290 by a Transylvanian named Radu Negru and was dominated by Hungary until 1330, when it became independent.
The father of Dracula, called also Vlad, was born around 1390, and was educated in Hungary and Germany. Vlad the father served as a page for King Sigismund of Hungary, who became the Holy Roman Emperor in 1410, who founded a secret fraternal order of knights called the Order of the Dragon to uphold Christianity and defend the empire against Turks. Because of his bravery fighting Turks, Vlad the father was admitted to the Order in 1431. The boyards started to call him Dracul, meaning "dragon." His second son would be known as Dracula, or "son of the dragon." Dracul also meant "devil". So Dracula's enemies, especially German Saxons, called him "son of the devil."
Members of the Order of the Dragon had a special costume to wear on Sundays. It was a red garment with a black cape over it.
Eventually Sigismund made Vlad the father the military governor of Transylvania, a post he held from 1431 to 1435. During that time he lived in the town of Sighisoara or Schassburg. You can still visit the citadel there and even the house where Vlad's son Dracula was born Dracula Childhood
Dracula was born in December 1431. His given name was also Vlad, like his father: Vlad Dracul – the father and Vlad Tepes Dracula – the son.
Dracula had an older brother, Mircea, and a younger brother, Radu cel Frumos (the Handsome).
Their mother has been a Moldavian princess. It is been said that she educated Dracula in his early years. Later he was trained for knighthood by an old boyard who had fought the Turks.
Dracula's father named himself Prince Vlad II in 1437 and became king of Walachia.Vlad was a vassal of Hungary and also had to pay tribute to Hungary's enemy, Turkey. In 1442 the Turks invaded Transylvania. Vlad tried to stay neutral, but Hungary's rulers blamed him and drove him and his family out of Walachia. A Hungarian general, Janos Hunyadi made Basarab II the prince of Walachia.
The following year Vlad regained the throne with the help of the sultan of Turkey. In 1444 he sent his two younger sons to Turkey to prove his loyalty. Dracula was about 13. He spent the next four years in Adrianople, Turkey, as a hostage.
In 1444 Hungary went to war with Turkey and demanded that Vlad join the crusade. As a member of the Order of the Dragon, Vlad was sworn to obey this summons. But he didn't want to anger the Turks, so he sent his eldest son, Mircea, in his place. The Christian army was demolished at the Battle of Varna, and Vlad and Mircea blamed Janos Hunyadi.
In 1447 Vlad and Mircea were murdered. Mircea was killed by the boyars and merchants of the Walachian city Tirgoviste. There are different stories about how he died - he may have been tortured and burned, or buried alive. Apparently his father died at the same time. Some say that the assassinations were organized by Hunyadi.
Since Vlad and Mircea were dead, and Dracula and Radu were still in Turkey, Hunyadi was able to put Vladislav II, on the Walachian throne. The Turks didn't like having a Hungarian puppet in charge of Walachia, so in 1448 they freed Dracula and gave him an army. He was seventeen years old.
It seems that Dracula's little brother Radu chose to remain in Turkey. He had grown up there, and apparently remained loyal to the sultan.
Dracula's Reign
With the help of his Turkish army, Dracula seized the Walachian throne. However, he only ruled for two months before Hunyadi forced him into exile in Moldavia.
Again Vladislav II became Walachia's prince.
Three years later Prince Bogdan of Moldavia was assassinated and Dracula fled the country. By now Vlad II had become a supporter of Turkey, and Hunyadi was sorry he had put him on the throne. Everyone switched sides - Dracula became Hunyadi's vassal, and Hunyadi now supported Dracula's attempt to regain his throne. In 1456 Hunyadi invaded Turkish Serbia while Dracula invaded Walachia. Hunyadi was killed, but Dracula killed Vladislav II and took back his throne.
He established his capital at Tirgoviste - you can still see the ruins of his palace there. And nearby a statue of Vlad Tepes still stands. He is considered an important figure in Romanian history because he unified Walachia and resisted the influence of foreigners.
Dracula Overthrown
In 1462 Dracula attacked the Turks to drive them out of the Danube River valley.
Sultan Mehmed II retaliated by invading Walachia with an army three times larger
than Dracula's. Dracula was forced to retreat to his capital, Tirgoviste. He burned
his own villages and poisoned fountains on the way so that the Turkish army wouldn't
have any food or water.
When the sultan reached Tirgoviste, he saw a terrifying scene, remembered in history as "the Forest of the Impaled." There, outside the city, were 20,000 Turkish prisoners, all impaled. The sultan's officers were too scared to go on - Dracula had won again.
Although the sultan retreated, Dracula's little brother Radu did not. The Turks had provided him with an army in hopes that he could seize Dracula's throne. Many of Dracula's boyars abandoned him to join Radu. Radu's army pursued Dracula to his fortress at Poenari. Dracula's wife was so frightened that she threw herself from the upper battlements. The Turks seized the castle, but Dracula managed to escape through a secret tunnel. There were still some peasants around he hadn't impaled, and they helped him flee from Walachia.
He went to the new king of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus, for help. Instead the king had him imprisoned in a tower. Dracula remained in Hungary for twelve years while Radu ruled Walachia as a puppet for the Turks. After the first four years he was allowed to move into a house. He ingratiated himself with the Hungarian royal family, and even married one of its members (possibly the king's sister). He became a Catholic at this time, which would have pleased the Catholic Hungarians.
The Death of Count Dracula
According to some accounts, Dracula's brother Radu died in 1474. The sultan put Basarab Batrinul, on the Walachian throne. In 1476 Dracula invaded Walachia with the help of Moldavia and Transylvania. They drove Basarab out of the country, and Dracula again became Walachia's prince. Most of Dracula's army then went home to Transylvania.
The Turks attacked a few months later. Dracula was killed while fighting near Bucharest.
Some say he was assassinated on the battlefield by his own boyards. After his death, Dracula was decapitated and his head was put on display in Constantinople. His body was buried in a monastery he had built near Snagov, in Romania. (Centuries later, the grave was examined. The only remains found were bones from an animal.)
